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  • WordPress User Roles: Differences Between Administrator, Editor, Author, Contributor, and Subscriber

    Published:jarvis

    Test environment RHEL family|WordPress 7.1.3|Twenty Twenty-Five theme|Checked 2026-10-18 WordPress user roles are the feature that sets what each user may do, such as writing and publishing posts or installing plugins, based on the role assigned to them. To decide how much to hand over to writers and site managers, I added users and changed their roles on WordPress 7.1.3, then compared the result with the core list of default capabilities and summed up the differences between the five roles in a table. In the core defaults, the administrator has 50 capabilities,…

  • Astra Theme: Installation, Free Features and Astra Pro Plans Compared

    Published:jarvis

    The Astra theme is a free WordPress theme made by Brainstorm Force that lets you change colors, typography, the header and the footer in the Customizer without code. I installed Astra 4.14.1 on a WordPress 7.1.3 site, checked the free features and starter templates, and compared them with the official pricing table to sum up when you need Astra Pro. Of the 146 items in the official comparison table on the Astra dashboard, only 3, including the header and footer builder, have a check in the free column….

  • AI Crawlers: Measured GPTBot and ClaudeBot Visits, and Blocking Them with robots.txt and nginx

    Published:jarvis

    Test environment RHEL family|AlmaLinux 9.8|Nginx 1.28 + Apache 2.4|Checked 2026-10-18 An AI crawler is a bot that AI companies use to collect web pages for model training, AI search and answering user questions. To see how often these bots visit a server with an Nginx + Apache setup, I matched the UAs in 14 days of origin server access logs against the IP ranges each company publishes: requests from the official…

  • nginx njs: Installing the Module, Setting js_set, and Applying a Reload to Create JavaScript Variables

    Published:jarvis

    Test environment RHEL family|AlmaLinux 9.8|Nginx 1.28 + Apache 2.4|njs 0.9.4|WP Rocket 3.23.5.1|Checked 2026-10-17 nginx njs is an official nginx module that handles requests or creates variable values with JavaScript functions inside the nginx configuration. On a server with an Nginx + Apache setup, to fix the letter case of request URLs, which nginx configuration alone cannot change, the njs module was installed in the same version as the installed nginx, and a variable created with js_set…

  • gclid Cache: Ad Click Query Strings, Page Cache Keys, and Measured Time to First Byte

    Published:jarvis

    Test environment RHEL family|AlmaLinux 9.8|Nginx 1.28 + Apache 2.4|WP Rocket 3.23.5.1|Checked 2026-10-17 gclid cache handling means ignoring the gclid query added to the end of an ad click URL and responding with the cache file of the URL without the query. Measurements of time to first byte by query and by cache state on a WordPress server with an Nginx + Apache setup showed that gclid added 0.014–0.015 seconds, and delays of several seconds happened only when…

  • Linux nice Command: Setting Priority, Changing It with renice, and Measuring the CPU Share Under Contention

    Published:jarvis

    Test environment RHEL family|AlmaLinux 9.8|root · regular user account|Checked 2026-10-17 Process · job scheduling commands nice·renice·ionice The Linux nice command sets a program's nice value (-20 to 19), which decides how much CPU it gives up to other processes when it runs. Measurements on an AlmaLinux 9 server, with two tasks pinned to a single CPU core and the nice value changed between runs, showed that the CPU was shared out only when the tasks competed for it, and the nice 19 task used just 1.4%….

  • Cloudways Vertical Scaling: Increasing Server RAM and CPU, and Cautions When Scaling Down

    Published:jarvis

    Cloudways Vertical Scaling is the feature in the server management screen that increases CPU, RAM, and disk while keeping your current server and data. Comparing the size selection screen of a Vultr Seoul 1 GB server with the official help showed that whether you can scale down differs by provider, so this post lays out what to check before scaling up and how to scale down by cloning. 1️⃣ Cloudways Vertical Scaling: The Menu That Upgrades Your Current Server's…

  • WordPress “An error occurred, please try again”: Why a Plugin License Check Fails and How to Clear the Notice

    Published:jarvis

    The WordPress “An error occurred, please try again.” notice is an error notice that a premium plugin displays at the top of the admin screen when it asks its license server for verification and does not get a valid response. On a server showing this notice, the plugin was found by searching for the text, and the notice was reproduced with the same plugin by changing the license server's responses; the notice that lingers for an hour after the server recovers was resolved by deleting the retry-delay value. Essential Blocks Pro…

  • Hide My WP: Add-on WordPress Security Plugin | Hide wp-admin & Login URL and 40+ Features

    Published:jarvis

    Hide My WP (Hide My WordPress) changes or hides the WordPress login URL, wp-admin, and theme and plugin paths, and with these main features and add-ons it can be counted among WordPress security plugins. Because WordPress leaves its login address, wp-admin, in plain view, you can hide it with a security plugin that strengthens protection. Among them, Hide My WP is a paid plugin that, beyond hiding the…

  • WP Security: wp-admin Security | Change the Login URL, Limit Login Attempts, XML-RPC

    Published:jarvis

    wp-admin security means the settings that block brute-force attacks coming in through the WordPress admin screen and login screen. After checking the access logs of a Nginx + Apache server running several WordPress sites, automated requests kept arriving at xmlrpc.php even after the login URL was changed, so I added a server-level rate limit as well. 1️⃣ Why wp-admin and wp-login.php get attacked The fact that the WordPress admin URL is…

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